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8-Pole
Bessel
Appendix A
Low-Pass
4
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Normalized Time (1/f sec)
Step Response
0
1
2
3
4
5
-0.2
-0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Normalized Time (1/f sec)
Delay (Normalized)
0.1
1.0
2
3
4
5 6 7 8 9
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
0.15
Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
Frequency Response
0.1
1.0
10.0
2
3 4 5 6 78
2
3 4 5 6 7
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
(sec)
Theoretical Transfer Characteristics
1
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.0
1.Normalized Group Delay:
The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency
of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided
by the actual corner frequency (fc).
Actual Delay =
Normalized Delay
Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz
f/fc
(Hz)
Amp
(dB)
Phase
(deg)
Delay
-79.2
-89.8
-99.0
-107
-114
-33.4
-38.3
-43.1
-51.8
-66.8
-12.1
-13.7
-18.1
-23.1
-28.3
-6.10
-7.08
-8.16
-9.36
-10.7
-2.71
-3.01
-3.67
-4.40
-5.20
-1.06
-1.45
-1.91
-2.16
-2.42
0.00
-0.029
-0.117
-0.264
-0.470
-0.737
-610
-626
-638
-647
-655
-489
-509
-526
-552
-587
-345
-362
-402
-436
-465
-255
-273
-291
-309
-327
-173
-182
-200
-219
-237
-109
-128
-146
-155
-164
0.00
-18.2
-36.4
-54.7
-72.9
-91.1
.052
.038
.029
.023
.018
.241
.201
.170
.126
.077
.482
.468
.417
.352
.291
.505
.504
.502
.498
.492
.506
.506
.506
.506
.506
.506
.506
.506
.506
.506
.506
.506
.506
.506
.506
.506
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