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CS6403-IL Datasheet(PDF) 25 Page - Cirrus Logic |
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CS6403-IL Datasheet(HTML) 25 Page - Cirrus Logic |
25 / 54 page Several echo-canceller controls are provided in Mode 2 (16 bit) operation via the SSI control registers. In addition, visibility and control func- tions are provided through the general-purpose I/O pins (see the pin-definition section). Graded Beta "Graded Beta" is a performance enhancement used to improve the convergence speed and as- ymptotic ERLE performance of the acoustic echo canceller on the CS6403. Given a lower limit to the decay rate of the expected echo re- sponses, the CS6403 will adjust the updates to the acoustic echo canceller to take advantage of that information. By default, the CS6403 assumes a decay rate of at least 0.38 dB per ms. Based on experiments performed at Crystal, the acoustic echo-path de- cay rate for car interiors tends to be at least one dB per ms. Offices, on the other hand, tend to be more "live", with decay rate potentially below 0.38 dB per ms. Note that the minimum-ex- pected decay rate can be set via SSI_CR0 bits 3 and 2. Half-Duplex Suppression After the CS6403 is powered up or reset, 2-3 seconds of far end and near end speech must be processed by the echo cancellers to sufficiently reduce loop-gain and therefore prevent acoustic howling. To prevent howling while the echo cancellers are not properly trained, a half-duplex echo suppressor is enabled. Once the echo can- cellers are properly trained, the half-duplex suppressor is automatically disabled. (Note that whether the CS6403 is operating in half or full duplex at any particular time is indicated via the GPOUT1 output pin). This half-duplex suppressor works like the sup- pressor in a half-duplex speakerphone; i.e., it allows signals to pass through the CS6403 in only one direction at a time. The talker at one end of a conversation cannot be heard at the other end until the talker at the other end is si- lent. The half-duplex algorithm in the CS6403 has been designed to discriminate between noise and speech, and should provide good performance in noisy environments. Full-Duplex Suppression After the echo cancellers have been trained, the half-duplex suppressor is automatically disabled. This transition occurs when the ERLE perform- ance of the echo cancellers exceeds a fixed threshold. In some cases, due to impairments like non- linearities, the echo cancellers may not provide sufficient ERLE. To accommodate such situ- ations, the CS6403 provides supplementary full-duplex suppression. This full-duplex sup- pression technique provides additional ERLE using dynamic gain-control and accounts for the "Non-linear Echo Control" block in Figure 3. Operation in Noise The CS6403 echo cancellers have been designed to give good performance in noisy environments. However, for best performance, the echo cancel- lers should be trained in a lo w-noise environment. If the noise level is high during the training interval, the echo canceller may not be able to achieve enough ERLE to transition out of half duplex, regardless of how much speech is received. If the noise level subsequently drops sufficiently while a speech training signal is present, the echo canceller can train, allowing the CS6403 to transition to full duplex. If the noise level then increases, the echo canceller will use the path-re- sponse estimate calculated while the noise level was low, allowing the echo canceller to remain in full duplex. CS6403 DS192PP6 25 |
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