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DS90LV028AH Datasheet(PDF) 4 Page - National Semiconductor (TI) |
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DS90LV028AH Datasheet(HTML) 4 Page - National Semiconductor (TI) |
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4 / 8 page  Applications Information (Continued) stub(s), and other impedance discontinuities as well as ground shifting, noise margin limits, and total termination loading must be taken into account. The DS90LV028AH differential line receiver is capable of detecting signals as low as 100 mV, over a ±1V common- mode range centered around +1.2V. This is related to the driver offset voltage which is typically +1.2V. The driven signal is centered around this voltage and may shift ±1V around this center point. The ±1V shifting may be the result of a ground potential difference between the driver’s ground reference and the receiver’s ground reference, the common- mode effects of coupled noise, or a combination of the two. The AC parameters of both receiver input pins are optimized for a recommended operating input voltage range of 0V to +2.4V (measured from each pin to ground). The device will operate for receiver input voltages up to V CC, but exceeding V CC will turn on the ESD protection circuitry which will clamp the bus voltages. POWER DECOUPLING RECOMMENDATIONS Bypass capacitors must be used on power pins. Use high frequency ceramic (surface mount is recommended) 0.1µF and 0.01µF capacitors in parallel at the power supply pin with the smallest value capacitor closest to the device supply pin. Additional scattered capacitors over the printed circuit board will improve decoupling. Multiple vias should be used to connect the decoupling capacitors to the power planes. A 10µF (35V) or greater solid tantalum capacitor should be connected at the power entry point on the printed circuit board between the supply and ground. PC BOARD CONSIDERATIONS Use at least 4 PCB board layers (top to bottom): LVDS signals, ground, power, TTL signals. Isolate TTL signals from LVDS signals, otherwise the TTL signals may couple onto the LVDS lines. It is best to put TTL and LVDS signals on different layers which are isolated by a power/ground plane(s). Keep drivers and receivers as close to the (LVDS port side) connectors as possible. DIFFERENTIAL TRACES Use controlled impedance traces which match the differen- tial impedance of your transmission medium (ie. cable) and termination resistor. Run the differential pair trace lines as close together as possible as soon as they leave the IC (stubs should be < 10mm long). This will help eliminate reflections and ensure noise is coupled as common-mode. In fact, we have seen that differential signals which are 1mm apart radiate far less noise than traces 3mm apart since magnetic field cancellation is much better with the closer traces. In addition, noise induced on the differential lines is much more likely to appear as common-mode which is re- jected by the receiver. Match electrical lengths between traces to reduce skew. Skew between the signals of a pair means a phase differ- ence between signals which destroys the magnetic field cancellation benefits of differential signals and EMI will re- sult! (Note that the velocity of propagation,v=c/E r where c (the speed of light) = 0.2997mm/ps or 0.0118 in/ps). Do not rely solely on the autoroute function for differential traces. Carefully review dimensions to match differential impedance and provide isolation for the differential lines. Minimize the number of vias and other discontinuities on the line. Avoid 90˚ turns (these cause impedance discontinuities). Use arcs or 45˚ bevels. Within a pair of traces, the distance between the two traces should be minimized to maintain common-mode rejection of the receivers. On the printed circuit board, this distance should remain constant to avoid discontinuities in differential impedance. Minor violations at connection points are allow- able. TERMINATION Use a termination resistor which best matches the differen- tial impedance or your transmission line. The resistor should be between 90 Ω and 130Ω. Remember that the current mode outputs need the termination resistor to generate the differential voltage. LVDS will not work correctly without re- sistor termination. Typically, connecting a single resistor across the pair at the receiver end will suffice. Surface mount 1% - 2% resistors are the best. PCB stubs, component lead, and the distance from the termination to the receiver inputs should be minimized. The distance between the termination resistor and the receiver should be < 10mm (12mm MAX). INPUT FAILSAFE BIASING External pull up and pull down resistors may be used to provide enough of an offset to enable an input failsafe under open-circuit conditions. This configuration ties the positive LVDS input pin to VDD thru a pull up resistor and the negative LVDS input pin is tied to GND by a pull down resistor. The pull up and pull down resistors should be in the 5k Ω to 15kΩ range to minimize loading and waveform dis- tortion to the driver. The common-mode bias point ideally should be set to approximately 1.2V (less than 1.75V) to be compatible with the internal circuitry. Please refer to applica- tion note AN-1194, “Failsafe Biasing of LVDS Interfaces” for more information. PROBING LVDS TRANSMISSION LINES Always use high impedance (> 100k Ω), low capacitance (< 2 pF) scope probes with a wide bandwidth (1 GHz) scope. Improper probing will give deceiving results. CABLES AND CONNECTORS, GENERAL COMMENTS When choosing cable and connectors for LVDS it is impor- tant to remember: Use controlled impedance media. The cables and connec- tors you use should have a matched differential impedance of about 100 Ω. They should not introduce major impedance discontinuities. Balanced cables (e.g. twisted pair) are usually better than unbalanced cables (ribbon cable, simple coax) for noise reduction and signal quality. Balanced cables tend to gener- ate less EMI due to field canceling effects and also tend to pick up electromagnetic radiation a common-mode (not dif- ferential mode) noise which is rejected by the receiver. For cable distances < 0.5M, most cables can be made to work effectively. For distances 0.5M ≤ d ≤ 10M, CAT 3 (category 3) twisted pair cable works well, is readily available and relatively inexpensive. www.national.com 4 |
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