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T191A256M008ASC-0200 Datasheet(PDF) 5 Page - Kemet Corporation |
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T191A256M008ASC-0200 Datasheet(HTML) 5 Page - Kemet Corporation |
5 / 28 page © KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, SC 29606 (864) 963-6300 Performance Characteristics 4. Capacitors show no visible mechanical damage or leakage of electrolyte. 11. Reverse Voltage When subjected to a DC potential of 3 volts, applied in the reverse polarity direction for 125 hours ± 10 hours, capacitors shall meet the following require- ments. - DC Leakage: shall not exceed 1.25 times initial limit - Capacitance: shall be within stated tolerance (K- ±10%, M- ±20%, J- ±5%) - Dissipation Factor: shall not exceed initial limit 12. Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) is the pre- ferred high-frequency statement of the resistance unavoidably appearing in these capacitors. ESR decreases with increasing frequency. Typical ESR lim- its are established in each specific product series. However, the ESR limits provided are for reference only, and are not necessarily the actual value that a particular Series product will attain. Total impedance of the capacitor is the vector sum of capacitive reactance (Xc) and ESR, below reso- nance; above resonance total impedance is the vector sum of inductive reactance (XL) and ESR. See Figure 4. To understand the many elements of a capacitor, see Figure 5. Figure 5. The Real Capacitor A capacitor is a complex impedance consisting of many series and parallel elements, each adding to the complexity of the measurement system. ESL – Represents lead wire and construction inductance. In most instances (especially in tantalum and monolithic ceramic capacitors) it is insignificant at the basic measurement frequen- cies of 120 and 1000 Hz. ESR – Represents the actual ohmic series resist- ance in series with the capacitance. Lead wires and capacitor electrodes are contributing sources. RL – Capacitor Leakage Resistance. Typically it can reach 50,000 megohms in a tantalum capaci- tor. It can exceed 1012 ohms in monolithic ceram- ics and in film capacitors. Rd – The dielectric loss contributed by dielectric absorption and molecular polarization. It becomes very significant in high frequency measurements and applications. Its value varies with frequency. Cd – The inherent dielectric absorption of the solid tantalum capacitor which typically equates to 1-2% of the applied voltage. As frequency increases, Xc continues to decrease according to its equation above. There is unavoidable inductance as well as resistance in all capacitors, and at some point in frequency, the reactance ceases to be capacitive and becomes inductive. This frequency is called the self-resonant point. In wet tantalum capaci- tors, the resonance is damped by the ESR, and a smooth, rather than abrupt, transition from capacitive to inductive reactance (XL = 2 πfL) follows. Despite the fact that the reactance is nearly all inductive above the self-resonance, these capacitors find use as decoupling devices up to 10MHz. ESR and Z are also affected by temperature. At 100 kHz, ESR decreases with increasing temperature. The amount of change is influenced by the size of the capacitance and is generally more pronounced on smaller ratings. 5 2 πfC 1ohm Xc= where: f = frequency, Hertz C = capacitance, Farad Figure 4a: Total Impedance of the Capacitor Below Resonance X L = 2 πfL where: f = frequency, Hertz C = capacitance, Farad Figure 4b: Total Impedance of the Capacitor Above Resonance |
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