Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

SA8016

2.5GHz low voltage fractional-N synthesizer

1999 Nov 04

10

Main Output Charge Pumps and Fractional

Compensation Currents (see Figure 7)

The main charge pumps on pins PHP and PHI are driven by the

main phase detector and the charge pump current values are

CP1 in the B-word (see table of charge pump ratios). The fractional

the fractional accumulator FRD and by the program value of the

FDAC. The timing for the fractional compensation is derived from

the main divider. The main charge pumps will enter speed up mode

after the A-word is set and strobe goes High. When strobe goes

Low, charge pump will exit speed up mode.

Principle of Fractional Compensation

The fractional compensation is designed into the circuit as a means

of reducing or eliminating fractional spurs that are caused by the

charge pump:

Figure 8, that is proportional to the fractional error phase. For proper

fractional compensation, the area of the fractional compensation

current pulse must be equal to the area of the fractional charge

pump ripple. The width of the fractional compensation pulse is fixed

to 128 VCO cycles, the amplitude is proportional to the fractional

accumulator value and is adjusted by FDAC values (bits FC7–0 in

the B-word). The fractional compensation current is derived from the

main charge pump in that it follows all the current scaling through

For a given charge pump,

FRD is the fractional accumulator value.

The target values for FDAC are: 128 for FMOD = 1 (modulo 5) and

80 for FMOD = 0 (modulo 8).

SR01416

REFERENCE R

MAIN M

DIVIDE RATIO

DETECTOR

OUTPUT

ACCUMULATOR

FRACTIONAL

COMPENSATION

CURRENT

OUTPUT ON

PUMP

N

N

N+1

N

N+1

24

1

3

0

PULSE

WIDTH

MODULATION

PULSE LEVEL

MODULATION

mA

µA

NOTE: For a proper fractional compensation, the area of the fractional compensation current pulse must be equal to the area of the charge pump ripple output.

Figure 7.

Waveforms for NF = 2 Modulo 5

SR01682

1930.140 MHz

MAIN DIVIDER

N = 8042

FRACTIONAL

ACCUMULATOR

240 kHz

240.016 kHz

LOOP FILTER

& VCO

FMOD

NF

Figure 8.

Current Injection Concept