CY7C4421/4201/4211/4221
CY7C4231/4241/4251
Document #: 38-06016 Rev. *C
Page 3 of 19
Functional Description
The CY7C42X1 provides four status pins: Empty, Full, Almost
Empty, Almost Full. The Almost Empty/Almost Full flags are
programmable to single word granularity. The programmable
flags default to Empty – 7 and Full – 7.
The flags are synchronous, i.e., they change state relative to
either the Read clock (RCLK) or the Write clock (WCLK).
When entering or exiting the Empty and Almost Empty states,
the flags are updated exclusively by the RCLK. The flags
denoting Almost Full, and Full states are updated exclusively
by WCLK. The synchronous flag architecture guarantees that
the flags maintain their status for at least one cycle.
All configurations are fabricated using advanced 0.65
µ N-Well
CMOS technology. Input ESD protection is greater than
2001V, and latch-up is prevented by the use of guard rings.
Architecture
The CY7C42X1 consists of an array of 64 to 8K words of 9 bits
each (implemented by a dual-port array of SRAM cells), a
Read pointer, a Write pointer, control signals (RCLK, WCLK,
REN1, REN2, WEN1, WEN2, RS), and flags (EF, PAE, PAF, FF).
Resetting the FIFO
Upon power-up, the FIFO must be reset with a Reset (RS)
cycle. This causes the FIFO to enter the Empty condition
signified by EF being LOW. All data outputs (Q0–8) go LOW
tRSF after the rising edge of RS. In order for the FIFO to reset
to its default state, a falling edge must occur on RS and the
user must not read or Write while RS is LOW. All flags are
guaranteed to be valid tRSF after RS is taken LOW.
FIFO Operation
When the WEN1 signal is active LOW and WEN2 is active HIGH,
data present on the D0–8 pins is written into the FIFO on each
rising edge of the WCLK signal. Similarly, when the REN1 and
REN2 signals are active LOW, data in the FIFO memory will
be presented on the Q0–8 outputs. New data will be presented
on each rising edge of RCLK while REN1 and REN2 are
active. REN1 and REN2 must set up tENS before RCLK for it
to be a valid Read function. WEN1 and WEN2 must occur tENS
before WCLK for it to be a valid Write function.
An output enable (OE) pin is provided to three-state the Q0–8
outputs when OE is asserted. When OE is enabled (LOW),
data in the output register will be available to the Q0–8 outputs
after tOE.
The FIFO contains overflow circuitry to disallow additional
writes when the FIFO is full, and underflow circuitry to disallow
additional reads when the FIFO is empty. An empty FIFO
maintains the data of the last valid Read on its Q0–8 outputs
even after additional reads occur.
Write Enable 1 (WEN1). If the FIFO is configured for program-
mable flags, Write Enable 1 (WEN1) is the only Write enable
control pin. In this configuration, when Write Enable 1 (WEN1)
is LOW, data can be loaded into the input register and RAM
array on the LOW-to-HIGH transition of every Write clock
(WCLK). Data is stored is the RAM array sequentially and
independently of any on-going Read operation.
Write Enable 2/Load (WEN2/LD). This is a dual-purpose pin.
The FIFO is configured at Reset to have programmable flags
or to have two Write enables, which allows for depth
expansion. If Write Enable 2/Load (WEN2/LD) is set active
HIGH at Reset (RS = LOW), this pin operates as a second
Write enable pin.
If the FIFO is configured to have two Write enables, when
Write Enable (WEN1) is LOW and Write Enable 2/Load
(WEN2/LD) is HIGH, data can be loaded into the input register
and RAM array on the LOW-to-HIGH transition of every Write
clock (WCLK). Data is stored in the RAM array sequentially
and independently of any on-going Read operation.
Programming
When WEN2/LD is held LOW during Reset, this pin is the load
(LD) enable for flag offset programming. In this configuration,
WEN2/LD can be used to access the four 8-bit offset registers
contained in the CY7C42X1 for writing or reading data to these
registers.
When the device is configured for programmable flags and
both WEN2/LD and WEN1 are LOW, the first LOW-to-HIGH
transition of WCLK writes data from the data inputs to the
empty offset least significant bit (LSB) register. The second,
third, and fourth LOW-to-HIGH transitions of WCLK store data
in the empty offset most significant bit (MSB) register, full
offset LSB register, and full offset MSB register, respectively,
when WEN2/LD and WEN1 are LOW. The fifth LOW-to-HIGH
transition of WCLK while WEN2/LD and WEN1 are LOW
writes data to the empty LSB register again. Figure 1 shows
the registers sizes and default values for the various device
types.
It is not necessary to write to all the offset registers at one time.
A subset of the offset registers can be written; then by bringing
the WEN2/LD input HIGH, the FIFO is returned to normal
Read and Write operation. The next time WEN2/LD is brought
LOW, a Write operation stores data in the next offset register
in sequence.
The contents of the offset registers can be read to the data
outputs when WEN2/LD is LOW and both REN1 and REN2
are LOW. LOW-to-HIGH transitions of RCLK Read register
contents to the data outputs. Writes and reads should not be
preformed simultaneously on the offset registers.
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