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HT48RA1 Datasheet(PDF) 6 Page - Holtek Semiconductor Inc |
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HT48RA1 Datasheet(HTML) 6 Page - Holtek Semiconductor Inc |
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6 / 38 page  HT48RA1/HT48CA1 Rev. 1.40 6 May 22, 2009 Functional Description Execution Flow The system clock for the MCU is derived from either a crystal or an RC oscillator. The system clock is internally divided into four non-overlapping clocks. One instruc- tion cycle consists of four system clock cycles. Instruction fetching and execution are pipelined in such a way that a fetch takes an instruction cycle while de- coding and execution takes the next instruction cycle. However, the pipelining scheme causes each instruc- tion to effectively execute in a cycle. If an instruction changes the program counter, two cycles are required to complete the instruction. Program Counter - PC The program counter (PC) controls the sequence in which the instructions stored in the program ROM are executed and its contents specify a full range of pro- gram memory. After accessing a program memory word to fetch an in- struction code, the contents of the program counter are incremented by one. The program counter then points to the memory word containing the next instruction code. When executing a jump instruction, conditional skip ex- ecution, loading register, subroutine call or return from subroutine, initial reset, internal interrupt, external inter- rupt or return from interrupts, the PC manipulates the program transfer by loading the address corresponding to each instruction. The conditional skip is activated by instructions. Once the condition is met, the next instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle replaces it to get the proper instruction. Otherwise proceed to the next instruction. The lower byte of the program counter (PCL) is a read- able and writeable register (06H). Moving data into the PCL performs a short jump. The destination will be within the current program ROM page. When a control transfer takes place, an additional dummy cycle is required. T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 F e t c h I N S T ( P C ) E x e c u t e I N S T ( P C - 1 ) F e t c h I N S T ( P C + 1 ) E x e c u t e I N S T ( P C ) F e t c h I N S T ( P C + 2 ) E x e c u t e I N S T ( P C + 1 ) P C P C + 1 P C + 2 S y s t e m C l o c k O S C 2 ( R C o n l y ) P C Execution Flow Mode Program Counter *12~*8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0 Initial Reset 00000 00000000 External Interrupt 00000 00000100 Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow 00000 00001000 Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow 00000 00001100 Skip Program Counter + 2 Loading PCL *12~*8 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 Jump, Call Branch #12~#8 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 Return (RET, RETI) S12~S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 Program Counter Note: *12~*0: Program counter bits S12~S0: Stack register bits #12~#0: Instruction code bits @7~@0: PCL bits |
Similar Part No. - HT48RA1_09 |
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Similar Description - HT48RA1_09 |
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