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NR8040T100M Datasheet(PDF) 9 Page - Allegro MicroSystems |
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NR8040T100M Datasheet(HTML) 9 Page - Allegro MicroSystems |
9 / 17 page Constant-Current 3-Ampere PWM Dimmable Buck Regulator LED Driver A6211 9 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com at any time, a series resistor (1 kΩ) is required to limit the current flowing into the EN pin. This series resistor is not necessary if EN is driven from a logic input. PWM Dimming Ratio The brightness of the LED string can be reduced by adjusting the PWM duty cycle at the EN pin as follows: Dimming ratio = PWM on-time / PWM period For example, by selecting a PWM period of 5 ms (200 Hz PWM frequency) and a PWM on-time of 50 μs, a dimming ratio of 1% can be achieved. In an actual application, the minimum dimming ratio is deter- mined by various system parameters, including: VIN, VOUT, inductance, LED current, switching frequency, and PWM frequency. As a general guideline, the minimum PWM on-time should be kept at 50 μs or longer. A shorter PWM on-time is acceptable under more favorable operating conditions. Output Voltage and Duty Cycle Figure 7 provides simplified equations for approximating output voltage. Essentially, the output voltage of a buck converter is approximately given as: VOUT = VIN × D – VD1 × (1 – D ) ≈ VIN × D, if VD1<< VIN D = tON / (tON + tOFF ) where D is the duty cycle, and VD1 is the forward drop of the Schottky diode D1 (typically under 0.5 V). Minimum and Maximum Output Voltages For a given input voltage, the maximum output voltage depends on the switching frequency and minimum tOFF. For example, if tOFF(min) = 150 ns and fSW = 1 MHz, then the maximum duty cycle is 85%. So for a 24 V input, the maximum output is 20.3 V. This means up to 6 LEDs can be operated in series, assuming Vf = 3.3 V or less for each LED. The minimum output voltage depends on minimum tON and switching frequency. For example, if the minimum tON = 150 ns and fSW = 1 MHz, then the minimum duty cycle is 15%. That means with VIN = 24 V, the minimum VOUT = 3.2 V (one LED). To a lesser degree, the output voltage is also affected by other factors such as LED current, on-resistance of the high-side switch, DCR of the inductor, and forward drop of the low-side diode. The more precise equation is shown in figure 7. As a general rule, switching at lower frequencies allows a wider range of VOUT, and hence more flexible LED configurations. This is shown in figure 8. Figure 8 shows how the minimum and maximum output volt- ages vary with LED current (assuming RDS(on) = 0.4 Ω, inductor DCR = 0.1 Ω, and diode Vf = 0.6 V). If the required output voltage is lower than that permitted by the minimum tON, the controller will automatically extend the tOFF, in order to maintain the correct duty cycle. This means that the switching frequency will drop lower when necessary, while the LED current is kept in regulation at all times. Figure 8. Minimum and Maximum Output Voltage versus Switching Frequency (VIN = 24 V, iLED = 2 A, minimum tON and tOFF = 150 ns) Figure 9. Minimum and Maximum Output Voltage versus iLED current (VIN = 9 V, fSW = 1 MHz, minimum tON and tOFF = 150 ns) 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 fsw (MHz) VOUT(max) (V) VOUT(min) (V) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 iLED (A) VOUT(max) (V) VOUT(min) (V) |
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