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AD14160 Datasheet(PDF) 4 Page - Analog Devices

Part # AD14160
Description  Quad-SHARC DSP Multiprocessor Family
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AD14160/AD14160L
–4–
REV. A
Shared Memory Multiprocessing
The AD14160/AD14160L takes advantage of the powerful
multiprocessing features built into the SHARC. The SHARCs are
connected to maximize the performance of this cluster-of-four
architecture, and still allow for off-module expansion. The
AD14160/AD14160L in itself is a complete shared memory
multiprocessing system, as shown in Figure 3. The unified ad-
dress space of the SHARCs allows direct interprocessor ac-
cesses of each SHARCs’ internal memory. In other words, each
SHARC can directly access the internal memory and IOP registers
of each of the other SHARCs by simply reading or writing to the
appropriate address in multi-processor memory space (see Fig-
ure 2)—this is called a direct read or direct write.
Bus arbitration is accomplished with the on-SHARC arbitration
logic. Each SHARC has a unique ID, and drives the Bus-Request
(BR) line corresponding to its ID, while monitoring all others.
BR1–BR4 are used within the AD14160/AD14160L, while BR5
and
BR6 can be used for expansion. All bus requests (BR1–BR6)
are included in the module I/O.
Two different priority schemes, fixed and rotating, are available
to resolve competing bus requests. The RPBA pin selects which
scheme is used: when RPBA is high, rotating priority bus arbitra-
tion is selected, and when RPBA is low, fixed priority is selected.
Table I. Rotating Priority Arbitration Example
Hardware Processor IDs
Cycle
ID1
ID2
ID3
ID4
ID5 ID6
1M
1
2 BR
3
4
5
Initial Priority Assignments
2
4
5 BR
M-BR
1
2
3
3
4
5 BR
M
1
2
3
4
5 BR M
1
2
3
4 BR
51 BR 2
3
4
5
M
Final Priority Assignments
NOTES
1–5 = Assigned Priority.
M = Bus Mastership (in that cycle).
BR = Requesting Bus Mastership with BRx.
Bus mastership is passed from one SHARC to another during a
bus transition cycle. A bus transition cycle only occurs when the
current bus master deasserts its BR line and one of the slave
SHARCs asserts its BR line. The bus master can therefore re-
tain bus mastership by keeping its BR line asserted. When the
bus master deasserts its BR line, and no other BR line is as-
serted, then the master will not lose any bus cycles. When more
than one SHARC asserts its BR line, the SHARC with the
highest priority request becomes bus master on the following
cycle. Each SHARC observes all of the BR lines, and therefore
tracks when a bus transition cycle has occurred, and which
processor has become the new bus master. Master processor
changeover incurs only one cycle of overhead. An example bus
transition sequence is shown in Table I.
Bus locking is possible, allowing indivisible read-modify-write
sequences for semaphores. In either the fixed or rotating priority
scheme, it is also possible to limit the number of cycles the
master can control the bus. The AD14160/AD14160L also
provides the option of using the Core Priority Access (CPA)
mode of the SHARC. Using the CPA signal allows external bus
accesses by the core processor of a slave SHARC to take priority
over ongoing DMA transfers. Also, each SHARC can broadcast
write to all other SHARCs simultaneously, allowing the implemen-
tation of reflective semaphores.
The bus master can communicate with slave SHARCs by writ-
ing messages to their internal IOP registers. The MSRG0–
MSRG7 registers are general-purpose registers that can be used
for convenient message passing, semaphores and resource shar-
ing between the SHARCs. For message passing, the master
communicates with a slave by writing and/or reading any of the
eight message registers on the slave. For vector interrupts, the
master can issue a vector interrupt to a slave by writing the
address of an interrupt service routine to the slave’s VIRPT
register. This causes an immediate high priority interrupt on the
slave which, when serviced, will cause it to branch to the speci-
fied service routine.
Off-Module Memory and Peripherals Interface
The AD14160/AD14160L’s external port provides the interface to
off-module memory and peripherals (see Figure 5). This port
consists of the complete external port bus of the SHARC, bused
together in common among the four SHARCs.
The 4-gigaword off-module address space is included in the
AD14160/AD14160L’s unified address space. Addressing of
external memory devices is facilitated by each SHARC inter-
nally decoding the high order address lines to generate memory
bank select signals. Separate control lines are also generated for
simplified addressing of page-mode DRAM. The AD14160/
AD14160L also supports programmable memory wait states and
external memory acknowledge controls to allow interfacing to
DRAM and peripherals with variable access, hold and disable
time requirements.
Link Port I/O
Each individual SHARC features six 4-bit link ports that facili-
tate SHARC-to-SHARC communication and external I/O inter-
facing. Each link port can be configured for either 1
× or 2×
operation, allowing each to transfer either 4 or 8 bits per cycle.
The link ports can operate independently and simultaneously,
with a maximum bandwidth of 40 MBytes/s each, or a total of
240 MBytes/s per SHARC.
The AD14160/AD14160L provides additional link port I/O
beyond that of the AD14060. Internally, two links from each
SHARC form a ring connection among the four. The remaining
four link ports from each SHARC are brought out indepen-
dently from each SHARC. A maximum of 640 MBytes/s link
port bandwidth is then available off of the AD14160/AD14160L.
The link port connections are detailed in Figure 4.
SHARC_A
SHARC_B
SHARC_D
SHARC_C
1
2
4
3
1
2
4
3
55
55
0
0
0
0
1
2
4
3
1
2
4
3
Figure 4. Link Port Connections


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