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PTC16C74B Datasheet(PDF) 9 Page - Microchip Technology |
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PTC16C74B Datasheet(HTML) 9 Page - Microchip Technology |
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9 / 184 page  2000 Microchip Technology Inc. DS30605C-page 9 PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B 3.0 ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW The high performance of the PIC16CXX family can be attributed to a number of architectural features com- monly found in RISC microprocessors. To begin with, the PIC16CXX uses a Harvard architecture, in which program and data are accessed from separate memo- ries using separate buses. This improves bandwidth over traditional von Neumann architecture, in which program and data are fetched from the same memory using the same bus. Separating program and data buses further allows instructions to be sized differently than the 8-bit wide data word. Instruction opcodes are 14-bits wide, making it possible to have all single word instructions. A 14-bit wide program memory access bus fetches a 14-bit instruction in a single cycle. A two-stage pipeline overlaps fetch and execution of instructions (Example 3-1). Consequently, most instructions execute in a single cycle (200 ns @ 20 MHz) except for program branches. All devices covered by this data sheet contain 4K x 14-bit program memory and 192 x 8-bit data memory. The PIC16CXX can directly, or indirectly, address its register files or data memory. All Special Function Reg- isters, including the program counter, are mapped in the data memory. The PIC16CXX has an orthogonal (symmetrical) instruction set that makes it possible to carry out any operation on any register using any addressing mode. This symmetrical nature and lack of ‘special optimal situations’ make programming with the PIC16CXX simple yet efficient. In addition, the learning curve is reduced significantly. PIC16CXX devices contain an 8-bit ALU and working register. The ALU is a general purpose arithmetic unit. It performs arithmetic and Boolean functions between the data in the working register and any register file. The ALU is 8-bits wide and capable of addition, sub- traction, shift and logical operations. Unless otherwise mentioned, arithmetic operations are two's comple- ment in nature. In two-operand instructions, typically one operand is the working register (W register). The other operand is a file register or an immediate con- stant. In single operand instructions, the operand is either the W register or a file register. The W register is an 8-bit working register used for ALU operations. It is not an addressable register. Depending on the instruction executed, the ALU may affect the values of the Carry (C), Digit Carry (DC), and Zero (Z) bits in the STATUS register. The C and DC bits operate as a borrow bit and a digit borrow out bit, respectively, in subtraction. See the SUBLW and SUBWF instructions for examples. |
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