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ADP3191AJRUZ-RL Datasheet(PDF) 8 Page - Analog Devices |
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ADP3191AJRUZ-RL Datasheet(HTML) 8 Page - Analog Devices |
8 / 28 page ADP3191 Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 28 THEORY OF OPERATION The ADP3191/ADP3191A combine a multimode, fixed frequency PWM control with multiphase logic outputs for use in 2-, 3-, and 4-phase synchronous buck CPU core supply power converters. The internal VID DAC is designed to interface with the Intel 6-bit VRD/VRM 10- and 10.1-compatible CPUs. Multiphase operation is important for producing the high currents and low voltages demanded by today’s microprocessors. Handling the high currents in a single-phase converter places high thermal demands on the components in the system, such as the inductors and MOSFETs. The multimode control of the ADP3191/ADP3191A ensures a stable, high performance topology for • Balancing currents and thermals between phases • High speed response at the lowest possible switching frequency and output decoupling • Minimizing thermal switching losses due to lower frequency operation • Tight load line regulation and accuracy • High current output for up to 4-phase operation • Reduced output ripple due to multiphase cancellation • PC board layout noise immunity • Ease of use and design due to independent component selection • Flexibility in operation for tailoring design to low cost or high performance STARTUP SEQUENCE During startup, the number of operational phases and their phase relationship is determined by the internal circuitry that monitors the PWM outputs. Normally, the ADP3191/ADP3191A operate as a 4-phase PWM controller. Grounding the PWM4 pin programs 3-phase operation, and grounding the PWM3 pin and the PWM4 pin programs 2-phase operation. When the ADP3191/ADP3191A are enabled, the controller outputs a voltage on PWM3 and PWM4 that is approximately 675 mV. An internal comparator checks each pin’s voltage vs. a threshold of 300 mV. If the pin is grounded, it is below the threshold, and the phase is disabled. The output resistance of the PWM pins is approximately 5 kΩ during this detection time. Any external pull-down resistance connected to the PWM pins should not be less than 25 kΩ to ensure proper operation. PWM1 and PWM2 are disabled during the phase detection interval, which occurs during the first two clock cycles of the internal oscillator. After this time, if the PWM output is not grounded, the 5 kΩ resistance is removed, and it switches between 0 V and 5 V. If the PWM output is grounded, it remains off. The PWM out- puts are logic-level devices intended for driving external gate drivers, such as the ADP3110A. Because each phase is monitored independently, operation approaching 100% duty cycle is possible. Also, more than one output can be on at the same time for overlapping phases. MASTER CLOCK FREQUENCY The clock frequency of the ADP3191/ADP3191A is set with an external resistor connected from the RT pin to ground. The frequency follows the graph in Figure 3. To determine the frequency per phase, the clock is divided by the number of phases in use. If PWM4 is grounded, divide the master clock by 3 for the frequency of the remaining phases. If PWM3 and PWM4 are grounded, divide by 2. If all phases are in use, divide by 4. OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL SENSING The ADP3191/ADP3191A differential sense compares a high accuracy VID DAC and a precision reference to implement a low offset error amplifier. This maintains a worst-case specification of ±9.5 mV differential sensing error over their full operating output voltage and temperature range. The output voltage is sensed between the FB pin and the FBRTN pin. FB should be connected through a resistor to the regulation point, usually the remote sense pin of the microprocessor. FBRTN should be connected directly to the remote sense ground point. The internal VID DAC and precision reference are referenced to FBRTN, which has a minimal current of 100 μA to allow accurate remote sensing. The internal error amplifier compares the output of the DAC to the FB pin to regulate the output voltage. OUTPUT CURRENT SENSING The ADP3191/ADP3191A provide a dedicated current sense amplifier (CSA) to monitor the total output current for proper voltage positioning vs. load current and for current-limit detec- tion. Sensing the load current at the output gives the total average current being delivered to the load. This is an inherently more accurate method than peak current detection or sampling the current across a sense element such as the low-side MOSFET. This amplifier can be configured several ways, depending on the objectives of the system: • Output inductor DCR sensing without a thermistor for lowest cost • Output inductor DCR sensing with a thermistor for improved accuracy with tracking of inductor temperature • Sense resistors for highest accuracy measurements |
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