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TEA1102TS Datasheet(PDF) 6 Page - NXP Semiconductors |
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TEA1102TS Datasheet(HTML) 6 Page - NXP Semiconductors |
6 / 28 page 1999 Jan 27 6 Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification Fast charge ICs for NiCd, NiMH, SLA and LiIon TEA1102; TEA1102T; TEA1102TS INTRODUCTION All battery types are initially fast charged with an adjustable high current. Fast charge termination depends upon the battery type. With NiCd and NiMH batteries the main fast charge termination will be the ∆T/∆t (temperature detection) and/or peak voltage detection and with SLA and LiIon batteries when the battery voltage reaches 2.45 or 4.1 V respectively. The fast charge period is followed by a top-off period for NiCd and NiMH batteries and by a fill-up period for SLA and LiIon batteries. During the top-off period the NiCd and NiMH batteries are charged to maximum capacity by reduced adjustable charge current. During the fill-up period the SLA and LiIon batteries are charged to maximum capacity by a constant voltage and a gradually decreasing current. The fill-up and top-off period ends after time-out or one hour respectively. After the fill-up or top-off period, the TEA1102x switches over to the standby mode. For NiCd and NiMH batteries either the voltage regulation or trickle charge mode can be selected. The voltage regulation mode is selected when the battery includes a fixed load. Trickle charge prevents a discharge of the battery over a long period of time. For SLA and LiIon batteries the charge current is disabled during standby. The fast charge mode is entered again when the battery voltage reaches 1.5 V (SLA) or 3 V (LiIon). Charging principles CHARGING NiCd/NiMH BATTERIES Fast charging of the battery begins when the power supply voltage is applied and at battery insertion. During fast charge of NiCd and NiMH batteries, the battery temperature and voltage are monitored. Outside the initialized temperature and voltage window, the system switches over to the top-off charge current. The TEA1102x supports detection of fully charged NiCd and NiMH batteries by either of the following criteria: •∆T/∆t • Voltage peak detection. If the system is programmed with ∆T/∆t and Vpeak or, ∆T/∆t or Vpeak as the main fast charge termination, it automatically switches to voltage peak detection if the battery pack is not provided with a temperature sensing input (NTC). In this way both packages, with and without temperature sensor, can be used randomly independent of the applied full detection method. Besides ∆T/∆t and/or voltage peak detection, fast charging is also protected by temperature cut-off and time-out. To avoid false fast charge termination by peak voltage detection or ∆T/∆t, full detection is disabled during a short hold-off period at the start of a fast charge session. After fast charge termination, the battery is extra charged by a top-off period. During this period of approximately one hour, the charge current is lowered thus allowing the battery to be charged to nearly 100% before the system switches over to standby. After the battery has been charged to nearly 100% by the top-off period, discharge of the battery (caused by a load or by the self-discharge) can be avoided by voltage regulation or by trickle charge. If batteries are charged in combination with a load, the TEA1102x can be programmed to apply voltage regulation during the standby mode. In this way, discharge of the battery caused by self-discharge or by an eventual load is avoided. The regulating voltage is adjustable to the voltage characteristic of the battery. For battery safety the charge current is limited and the temperature is monitored during voltage regulation. If a trickle charge is applied, the self-discharge of the battery will be compensated by a pulsating charge current. To avoid the so called ‘memory effect’ in NiCd batteries, a refresh can be manually activated.The discharge current is regulated by the IC in combination with an external power transistor. After discharging the battery to 1 V per cell, the system automatically switches over to fast charge. CHARGING LiION/SLA BATTERIES Charging these types of batteries differs considerably from charging NiCd and NiMH batteries. The batteries will be charged with a charge current of 0.15 CA if their cell voltage is below the minimum voltage of 0.9 V for Lilon or 0.45 V for SLA. With batteries in good condition the battery voltage will rise above 0.9 V in a short period of time. When the batteries are short-circuited the voltage will not rise above 0.9 V within one hour and the system will change over to cut-off, which means that the output drivers AO and PWM are fixed to zero and that battery charge can only be started again after a power-on reset. If the battery voltage of a good condition battery is above the minimum level of 0.9 V the battery will be charged with the programmed fast charge current. If Lilon or SLA batteries are used, ‘full’ is detected when the battery voltage reaches 4.1 and 2.45 V respectively. At this point the TEA1102x switches from current regulation to voltage regulation (fill-up mode). |
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