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SC4538 Datasheet(PDF) 10 Page - Semtech Corporation |
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SC4538 Datasheet(HTML) 10 Page - Semtech Corporation |
10 / 14 page 10 Applications Information SC4538 Applications Information General Description The SC4538 contains an 800kHz fixed-frequency current- mode boost converter and an independent LED current regulator. The LED current set point is chosen using an external resistor, while the PWM controller operates inde- pendently to keep the current in regulation. The SC4538 receives information from the internal LED current regula- tor and drives the output to the proper voltage with no user intervention. The current flowing through the LED string is indepen- dently controlled by an internal current regulator, unlike the ballasting resistor scheme that many LED current reg- ulators use. The internal current regulator can be shut off entirely without leaking current from a charged output capacitor or causing false-lighting with low LED count and high V IN . The backlight current (I BL ) is programmed using an external resistor. The path from the EN pin to the output control is a high bandwidth control loop. This feature allows the PWM dimming frequency to range between 100Hz and 50kHz. In shutdown mode, leakage through the current regulator output is less than 1μA. This keeps the output capacitor charged and ready for instant activation of the LED string. The 800kHz switching speed provides high output power while allowing the use of a low profile inductor, maximiz- ing efficiency for space constrained and cost-sensitive applications. The converter and output capacitor are pro- tected from open-LED conditions by over-voltage protection. PWM Dimming The enable pin can be toggled to allow PWM dimming. In a typical application, a microcontroller sets a register or counter that varies the pulse width on a GPIO pin. The SC4538 provides dimming between 100Hz and 50kHz. The SC4538 is compatible with a wide range of devices, allowing dimming strategies that avoid the audio band by using high frequency PWM dimming. A wide range of illumination can be generated while keeping the instanta- neous LED current at its peak value for luminescent efficiency and color purity. The SC4538 can accommodate any PWM duty cycle between 0 and 100%. A low duty cycle PWM signal used for a few milliseconds provides the additional advantage of reduced in-rush at start up. The start-up delay time between the enable signal going high and the activation of the internal current regulator causes nonlinearity between the I BL current and the duty cycle of the PWM frequency seen by the EN pin. As the PWM signal frequency increases, the total on time per cycle of the PWM signal decreases. Since the start up delay time remains constant, the effect of the delay becomes more noticeable, causing the average I BL to be less predict- able at lower duty cycles. Recommended minimum duty cycles are 20% for 50kHz PWM frequency, 15% for 32kHz PWM frequency and 2% for 200Hz PWM frequency. Refer to the I BL vs. Duty Cycle in the Typical Characteristics section for PWM performance across duty cycle for differ- ent PWM frequencies. Zero Duty Cycle Mode Zero duty cycle mode is activated when the voltage on the BL pin exceeds 1.3V. In this mode, the COMP pin voltage is pulled low, suspending all switching. This allows the V OUT and V BL voltages to fall. The COMP voltage is held low until the V BL falls below 1V, allowing V COMP to return to its normal operating voltage and switching to resume. Protection Features The SC4538 provides several protection features to safe- guard the device from catastrophic failures. These features include: Over-voltage Protection (OVP) Soft-start Thermal Shutdown Current Limit Over-Voltage Protection (OVP) A built-in over-voltage protection circuit prevents damage to the IC and output capacitor in the event of an open- circuit condition. The output voltage of the boost converter is detected at the OUT pin and divided inter- nally. If the voltage at the OUT pin exceeds the OVP limit, the boost converter is shut down and a strong pull down is applied to the OUT pin to quickly discharge the output capacitor. This additional level of protection prevents a condition where the output capacitor and Schottky diode • • • • |
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