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127DLR2R3K Datasheet(PDF) 3 Page - Illinois Capacitor, Inc. |
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127DLR2R3K Datasheet(HTML) 3 Page - Illinois Capacitor, Inc. |
3 / 4 page 3757 W. Touhy Ave., Lincolnwood, IL 60712 • (847) 675-1760 • Fax (847) 673-2850 • www.illcap.com ® DLR Supercapacitor Application Guidelines 1. Do not apply a reversed voltage. Reverse polarity is not recommended. If a reversed voltage is applied for a long time, the leakage current will increase abruptly, which may cause a decrease in the capacity, an increase in the internal resistance, and cause electrolyte leakage or damage to the capacitor in some cases. 2. Do not apply any voltage higher than the operating maximum voltage. Supercapacitors are rated with a nominal recommended working or applied voltage. If an over voltage is applied to the capacitor, the leakage current will increase abruptly and the capacitor will become overheated, which may cause a decrease in the capacity, an increase in the internal resistance, and cause leakage or damage to the capacitor in some cases. But, surge voltage can usually be tolerated by the super capacitor. 3. Ripple Current Supercapacitors have a higher internal resistance than aluminum electrolytic capacitors and are more susceptible to internal heat generation when exposed to ripple current, this may cause a decrease in the capacity, an increase in the internal resistance, and cause electrolyte leakage or damage to the capacitor in some cases. 4. Charging and Discharging. Supercapacitors can be charged using various methods, including constant current, constant power, constant voltage or by paralleling to an energy source, i.e. battery, fuel cell, DC converter, etc. In general, characteristics of constant current and constant resistance discharging are respectively represented by the equation (1) and (2) below: Discharging time (t) of constant current discharge t = C x (Vo-V1) / l…..(1) Discharging time (t) of constant resistance discharge t = -CRIn(V1/Vo)…..(2) t = discharging time(s) vo = initial voltage (v) v1 = terminal voltage (v) l = current during back-up (A) The maximum recommended charge current, I, for a super capacitor is calculated as follows: I = Vw / 5R where Vw is the charge voltage and R is the super capacitors DC ESR 5. Do not use in a circuit where quick charge and discharge are repeated very often. In a circuit where quick charge and discharge are repeated very often, the capacitor will become overheated, which may cause a decrease in the capacitance, an increase in the internal resistance, and cause electrolyte leakage or damage to the capacitor in some cases. Reduce the charge and discharge currents while selecting a capacitor with low internal resistance, and make sure that the capacitor surface temperature does not rise more than 10˚C. 6. Super capacitor life depends on the ambient temperature. The lifetime of super capacitor is seriously affected by change in ambient temperature. If the temperature is lowered by 10˚C, the lifetime will be approximately doubled. As a result, it is recommended to use the super capacitor at the lowest temperature possible to decrease internal degradation and ESR increase. If the capacitor is used at a temperature exceeding its maximum guaranteed temperature, not only is its life shortened, but increased vapor pressure of electrolyte or electrochemical reactions may increase the internal pressure, and cause electrolyte leakage or damage to the capacitor in some cases. 7. Voltage drop occurs during back-up operation. In applications where the discharge current is large, or a large current flows instantaneously, super capacitor may not operate at the start of discharge because of the large voltage drop (IR drop) caused by the capacitors internal resistance (ESR). The formula for the voltage drop, Vdrop, during a discharge at I current for t seconds is: Vdrop = I(R + t/C) 8. Series Connecting of super capacitor. A series connection can cause an imbalance in the voltage across a super capacitor causing the capacitors to have an over voltage which can cause electrolyte degradation, excessive gas generation, increased ESR, decrease in capacitance and reduced life. To prevent voltage imbalance, passive or active voltage balancing is recommended. Passive voltage balancing should be performed using divider resistors placed in parallel with the super capacitors. Using resistance values between100 Ω/F to 470 Ω/F are recommended. |
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