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MAX366EPA Datasheet(PDF) 5 Page - Maxim Integrated Products |
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MAX366EPA Datasheet(HTML) 5 Page - Maxim Integrated Products |
5 / 12 page Signal-Line Circuit Protectors _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 ___________Background Information When a voltage outside the supply range is applied to most integrated circuits, there is a strong possibility they will be damaged or “latch up” (that is, fail to operate prop- erly even after the offending voltage is removed). If an IC’s input or output pin is supplied with a voltage when the IC’s power is off, and power is subsequently applied, the device may act as an SCR and destroy itself and/or other circuitry. Such “faults” are commonly encountered in modular control systems where power and signals to inter- connected modules may be interrupted and re-estab- lished at random. They can happen during production testing, maintenance, start-up, or a power “brownout.” The MAX366/MAX367 are designed to protect delicate input and output circuitry from overvoltage faults up to ±40V (with or without power applied), in devices such as op amps, analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog converters, and voltage references. These circuit protectors automati- cally limit signal voltages and currents to safe levels with- out degrading normal signal performance, even in very high-impedance circuits. They are powered by the power supply of the protected circuit and inserted into the signal lines. There are no control lines, programming pins, or adjustments. Unlike shunt diode networks, these devices are low- impedance FETs that become high impedance during a fault condition, so fault current and power dissipation are extremely low. Equally important, leakage current during normal and fault conditions is extremely low. In addition, unlike most discrete networks, these parts protect circuits both when power is off and during power transitions. _______________Detailed Description Internal Construction Figure 1 shows the simplified internal construction of each protector inside the MAX366/MAX367. Each circuit consists of two N-channel FETs and one P-channel FET. All the FETs are enhancement types; that is, the N chan- nels must have approximately 1.3V of positive gate volt- age in order to conduct, and the P channel must have approximately 2V of negative gate voltage in order to conduct. During normal operation, V+ is connected to a positive potential and V- is connected to a negative potential. Since their gates are tied to V+, transistors Q1 and Q3 conduct as long as their sources are at least 1.3V below V+ (the N-channel gate threshold.) Transistor Q2’s gate is tied to V-, so it conducts as long as its source is 2V or more above V- (the P-channel gate threshold.) ______________________________________________________________Pin Description PIN MAX366 MAX367 FUNCTION 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 Signal Inputs 1, 2, 3 – 4–8 Signal Inputs 4–8 4 9 Negative Supply Voltage Input NAME* IN1, IN2, IN3 8 18 Positive Supply Voltage Input – 10–14 Signal Outputs 4–8 IN4–IN8 V- V+ OUT8–OUT4 5, 6, 7 15, 16, 17 Signal Outputs 1, 2, 3 OUT3, OUT2, OUT1 * Inputs and outputs are names for convenience only; inputs and outputs are identical and interchangeable. P Q2 N Q3 N Q1 OUT V+ V- IN Figure 1. Simplified Internal Structure |
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